List plots#
- sage.plot.plot3d.list_plot3d.list_plot3d(v, interpolation_type='default', point_list=None, **kwds)#
A 3-dimensional plot of a surface defined by the list \(v\) of points in 3-dimensional space.
INPUT:
v
- something that defines a set of points in 3 space:a matrix
a list of 3-tuples
a list of lists (all of the same length) - this is treated the same as a matrix.
OPTIONAL KEYWORDS:
interpolation_type
- ‘linear’, ‘clough’ (CloughTocher2D), ‘spline’‘linear’ will perform linear interpolation
The option ‘clough’ will interpolate by using a piecewise cubic interpolating Bezier polynomial on each triangle, using a Clough-Tocher scheme. The interpolant is guaranteed to be continuously differentiable. The gradients of the interpolant are chosen so that the curvature of the interpolating surface is approximatively minimized.
The option ‘spline’ interpolates using a bivariate B-spline.
When v is a matrix the default is to use linear interpolation, when v is a list of points the default is ‘clough’.
degree
- an integer between 1 and 5, controls the degree of spline used for spline interpolation. For data that is highly oscillatory use higher valuespoint_list
- If point_list=True is passed, then if the array is a list of lists of length three, it will be treated as an array of points rather than a 3xn array.num_points
- Number of points to sample interpolating function in each direction, wheninterpolation_type
is notdefault
. By default for an \(n\times n\) array this is \(n\).**kwds
- all other arguments are passed to the surface function
OUTPUT: a 3d plot
EXAMPLES:
We plot a matrix that illustrates summation modulo \(n\):
sage: n = 5 sage: list_plot3d(matrix(RDF, n, [(i+j)%n for i in [1..n] for j in [1..n]])) Graphics3d Object
We plot a matrix of values of
sin
:sage: pi = float(pi) sage: m = matrix(RDF, 6, [sin(i^2 + j^2) for i in [0,pi/5,..,pi] for j in [0,pi/5,..,pi]]) sage: list_plot3d(m, color='yellow', frame_aspect_ratio=[1, 1, 1/3]) Graphics3d Object
Though it does not change the shape of the graph, increasing num_points can increase the clarity of the graph:
sage: list_plot3d(m, color='yellow', frame_aspect_ratio=[1, 1, 1/3], num_points=40) Graphics3d Object
We can change the interpolation type:
sage: import warnings sage: warnings.simplefilter('ignore', UserWarning) sage: list_plot3d(m, color='yellow', interpolation_type='clough', frame_aspect_ratio=[1, 1, 1/3]) Graphics3d Object
We can make this look better by increasing the number of samples:
sage: list_plot3d(m, color='yellow', interpolation_type='clough', frame_aspect_ratio=[1, 1, 1/3], num_points=40) Graphics3d Object
Let us try a spline:
sage: list_plot3d(m, color='yellow', interpolation_type='spline', frame_aspect_ratio=[1, 1, 1/3]) Graphics3d Object
That spline does not capture the oscillation very well; let’s try a higher degree spline:
sage: list_plot3d(m, color='yellow', interpolation_type='spline', degree=5, frame_aspect_ratio=[1, 1, 1/3]) Graphics3d Object
We plot a list of lists:
sage: show(list_plot3d([[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 1, 2], [1, 1, 3, 1], [1, 2, 1, 4]]))
We plot a list of points. As a first example we can extract the (x,y,z) coordinates from the above example and make a list plot out of it. By default we do linear interpolation:
sage: l = [] sage: for i in range(6): ....: for j in range(6): ....: l.append((float(i*pi/5), float(j*pi/5), m[i, j])) sage: list_plot3d(l, color='red') Graphics3d Object
Note that the points do not have to be regularly sampled. For example:
sage: l = [] sage: for i in range(-5, 5): ....: for j in range(-5, 5): ....: l.append((normalvariate(0, 1), normalvariate(0, 1), normalvariate(0, 1))) sage: L = list_plot3d(l, interpolation_type='clough', color='orange', num_points=100) sage: L Graphics3d Object
Check that no NaNs are produced (see trac ticket #13135):
sage: any(math.isnan(c) for v in L.vertices() for c in v) False
- sage.plot.plot3d.list_plot3d.list_plot3d_array_of_arrays(v, interpolation_type, **kwds)#
A 3-dimensional plot of a surface defined by a list of lists
v
defining points in 3-dimensional space.This is done by making the list of lists into a matrix and passing back to
list_plot3d()
. Seelist_plot3d()
for full details.INPUT:
v
- a list of lists, all the same lengthinterpolation_type
- (default: ‘linear’)
OPTIONAL KEYWORDS:
**kwds
- all other arguments are passed to the surface function
OUTPUT: a 3d plot
EXAMPLES:
The resulting matrix does not have to be square:
sage: show(list_plot3d([[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 1, 2], [1, 1, 3, 1]])) # indirect doctest
The normal route is for the list of lists to be turned into a matrix and use
list_plot3d_matrix()
:sage: show(list_plot3d([[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 1, 2], [1, 1, 3, 1], [1, 2, 1, 4]]))
With certain extra keywords (see
list_plot3d_matrix()
), this function will end up usinglist_plot3d_tuples()
:sage: show(list_plot3d([[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 1, 2], [1, 1, 3, 1], [1, 2, 1, 4]], interpolation_type='spline'))
- sage.plot.plot3d.list_plot3d.list_plot3d_matrix(m, **kwds)#
A 3-dimensional plot of a surface defined by a matrix
M
defining points in 3-dimensional space.See
list_plot3d()
for full details.INPUT:
M
– a matrix
OPTIONAL KEYWORDS:
**kwds
- all other arguments are passed to the surface function
OUTPUT: a 3d plot
EXAMPLES:
We plot a matrix that illustrates summation modulo \(n\):
sage: n = 5 sage: list_plot3d(matrix(RDF, n, [(i+j)%n for i in [1..n] for j in [1..n]])) # indirect doctest Graphics3d Object
The interpolation type for matrices is ‘linear’; for other types use other
list_plot3d()
input types.We plot a matrix of values of \(sin\):
sage: pi = float(pi) sage: m = matrix(RDF, 6, [sin(i^2 + j^2) for i in [0,pi/5,..,pi] for j in [0,pi/5,..,pi]]) sage: list_plot3d(m, color='yellow', frame_aspect_ratio=[1, 1, 1/3]) # indirect doctest Graphics3d Object
- ::
sage: list_plot3d(m, color=’yellow’, interpolation_type=’linear’) # indirect doctest Graphics3d Object
Here is a colored example, using a colormap and a coloring function which must take values in (0, 1):
sage: cm = colormaps.rainbow sage: n = 20 sage: cf = lambda x, y: ((2*(x-y)/n)**2) % 1 sage: list_plot3d(matrix(RDF, n, [cos(pi*(i+j)/n) for i in [1..n] ....: for j in [1..n]]), color=(cf,cm)) Graphics3d Object
- sage.plot.plot3d.list_plot3d.list_plot3d_tuples(v, interpolation_type, **kwds)#
A 3-dimensional plot of a surface defined by the list \(v\) of points in 3-dimensional space.
INPUT:
v
- something that defines a set of points in 3 space, for example:a matrix
This will be if using an interpolation type other than ‘linear’, or if using
num_points
with ‘linear’; otherwise seelist_plot3d_matrix()
.a list of 3-tuples
a list of lists (all of the same length, under same conditions as a matrix)
OPTIONAL KEYWORDS:
interpolation_type
- ‘linear’, ‘clough’ (CloughTocher2D), ‘spline’‘linear’ will perform linear interpolation
The option ‘clough’ will interpolate by using a piecewise cubic interpolating Bezier polynomial on each triangle, using a Clough-Tocher scheme. The interpolant is guaranteed to be continuously differentiable.
The option ‘spline’ interpolates using a bivariate B-spline.
When v is a matrix the default is to use linear interpolation, when v is a list of points the default is ‘clough’.
degree
- an integer between 1 and 5, controls the degree of spline used for spline interpolation. For data that is highly oscillatory use higher valuespoint_list
- If point_list=True is passed, then if the array is a list of lists of length three, it will be treated as an array of points rather than a \(3\times n\) array.num_points
- Number of points to sample interpolating function in each direction. By default for an \(n\times n\) array this is \(n\).**kwds
- all other arguments are passed to the surface function
OUTPUT: a 3d plot
EXAMPLES:
All of these use this function; see
list_plot3d()
for other list plots:sage: pi = float(pi) sage: m = matrix(RDF, 6, [sin(i^2 + j^2) for i in [0,pi/5,..,pi] for j in [0,pi/5,..,pi]]) sage: list_plot3d(m, color='yellow', interpolation_type='linear', num_points=5) # indirect doctest Graphics3d Object
sage: list_plot3d(m, color='yellow', interpolation_type='spline', frame_aspect_ratio=[1, 1, 1/3]) Graphics3d Object
sage: show(list_plot3d([[1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 1], [0, 1, 3], [1, 0, 4]], point_list=True))
sage: list_plot3d([(1, 2, 3), (0, 1, 3), (2, 1, 4), (1, 0, -2)], color='yellow', num_points=50) # long time Graphics3d Object